G.8 Design and Implement Procedures to Fade Stimulus and Response Prompts

Understanding Prompt Fading for Independent Learning

Prompts, or aids, are essential tools used to guide students toward correct responses when they are learning new skills. However, the ultimate goal is for the student to perform these skills independently. To achieve this, we must design and implement procedures to fade prompts systematically, reducing the level of support over time.

Types of Prompts

Prompts are divided into two categories:

• Stimulus Prompts: These act on the stimulus itself (e.g., moving the correct answer closer or using visual aids like images).

  • Positional Prompt: Placing the correct answer nearer to the student.

  • Visual Prompt: Showing an image or sign that leads the student toward the correct response.

    
    

• Response Prompts: These guide the student's actions, often involving physical guidance or modeling.

  • Modeling: Demonstrating the correct action for the student to imitate.

  • Physical Prompts: Providing partial or full physical guidance (e.g., hand-over-hand assistance).

Type of Physical Guidance	Description	Example
Independent	No guidance necessary.	User responds on their own
Time Delay	Expectant pause, Gives student time to process question	Caregiver looks at user expectantly / Wait
Visual / Proximity	Point to icon or display image or video. Move response close to user.	Move the green car forward where the user can reach it first.
Indirect Verbal	Give an indirect verbal cue	"Where should you touch now?"
Partially Verbal	ay what should be done without saying the specific word	"You need to touch the 'GREEN' so I understand"
Direct Verbal	Give a verbal instruction to the user telling them exactly what to do	“If you want the car to start, touch the 'GREEN'"
Gesture	Use gestures, such as pointing, nodding, or hand movement	Point to the 'GREEN' button from above the screen and make a touching gesture
Modeling	Show the user what to do by modeling or demonstrating the action yourself	Touch the 'GREEN' button while saying "Do you want the car to start?"
Partially Physical	Provide a gentle touch (on the elbow or shoulder) to guide the user to respond correctly	Gently touch the user's elbow or shoulder to respond correctly
Full Physical	Provide gentle physical guidance to help the user complete the entire step or activity	Guide the user's hand to the 'GREEN' button by putting yours on top

How to Design Fading Procedures

When we design prompt fading procedures, we aim to gradually reduce the level of help given to the student. This requires a thoughtful approach, starting with the prompt that is most appropriate for the student’s needs and planning how to reduce the prompt over time as the student improves.

🔑Key Fading Methods🔑

1. Most-to-Least Fading: Begin with the most intrusive prompt, such as physical guidance, and slowly reduce the level of help as the student gains independence. For example, if teaching a child to stack blocks, you might start by guiding their hand to place the block, then move to verbal cues or gestures before removing prompts entirely.

   
   

2. Time Delay: After giving a prompt, pause and allow the student time to respond independently. Initially, the delay may be brief, but as the student improves, the pause becomes longer. This method gives the student a chance to process the instruction and act on it without immediate help.

   
   

3. Stimulus Fading: Gradually reduce the prominence of a visual or physical stimulus controlling the response. For instance, if a bright-colored visual prompt is used to guide a student’s response, the color might be slowly faded until the prompt is no longer needed.

Fading prompts is critical because it allows students to practice skills without becoming dependent on outside help. For example, when teaching a child to identify shapes, we might initially show them a large, bright triangle. Over time, we reduce the size and color intensity of the prompt until they can identify the triangle independently.

Designing and implementing prompt fading strategies is essential for fostering independence in students. As educators, it's our job to create fading plans that are gradual, allowing the student to succeed without frustration while reducing the need for assistance. Whether it's using time delays, reducing physical prompts, or fading visual aids, the goal is always the same: to help the student perform the skill without help.