Dependent Variable
This is the outcome we measure to see how it changes due to the intervention or treatment. It’s what we’re trying to improve, reduce, or observe.
Example: If we’re studying a new program to help kids improve focus, the dependent variable might be the amount of time a student stays focused on a task.
Independent Variable
This is the intervention or treatment we apply to see its effect on the dependent variable. It’s the factor we believe will make a difference.
Example: In the focus study, the independent variable might be the use of a sticker reward system.
By understanding these variables, we can better identify what strategies work for students and what factors are causing the changes we observe. This knowledge empowers both parents and teachers to advocate for effective interventions tailored to the needs of individual children.
Dependent Variable | Independent Variable |
Not manipulable: The dependent variable cannot be manipulated by the researcher or any other external factor. For example, a student's score on a test cannot be manipulated by the researcher. | Can be manipulated: The independent variable can be manipulated by the researcher. In the previous example, the type of instruction the student receives can be manipulated by the researcher by assigning students to different instructional groups. |
Depends on another variable: The value of the dependent variable depends on another variable, which is the independent variable. In the previous example, a student's score on a test depends on the type of instruction the student receives. | Does not depend on another variable: The value of the independent variable does not depend on another variable. In the previous example, the type of instruction the student receives does not depend on another variable. |
Obtained from research and observations: The dependent variable is obtained from research and observations. In the previous example, a student's score on a test can be obtained from the student's grades on the test. | Easily obtained: The independent variable can be easily obtained. In the previous example, the type of instruction the student receives can be easily obtained by assigning students to different instructional groups simply by randomly selecting students for each group. |
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